What is scientific
research? Its purpose, types, methods, and characteristics?
Scientific research is fact-based knowledge that is proven
by a standardized method. To know scientific research, we must know
about science.
What is science?
Men need to know the world to find solutions to their
problems, so they are in search of knowledge that proves helpful for them, and
they deal with problems.
Science means
knowledge that we gathered from our surroundings to know the world.
- Science is basically divided into two branches: - Social science Natural science
Difference between social and natural science?
Social
science is about the social behavior of humans and natural science is knowledge
of various things. The point is what is a need to know the difference between
them there is the fact which is research. The natural science (that is
knowledge base information), knowledge without proof is not considered not
worthwhile, so for this purpose, we need research. Natural science is a
vast field that comprises physics, chemistry, biology, and math’s, where
various theories, laws need to be accurately appropriate.
Scientific Research:
Natural science Knowledge is important but that is not
enough, there is a need for another thing which is whether this knowledge is
worthy, fact base, and true or false. This prediction leads scientists to
research knowledge, that builds, organizes knowledge in the form of testable
explanations. The testing of this knowledge leads to research, then the
question comes up what is scientific research? Knowledge passes through
different observations, experiments then at the end concludes a statement or
fact-based knowledge, which is called the scientific research of this
knowledge.
“Science research is the systematic knowledge derived
from observations and experiments.”
Purpose of scientific Research: -
Men are inquisitive about all things when he sees the
things, questions come to their minds, that is general knowledge about objects.
The question is whether this information is true or false. For this purpose, a
scientific method is derived, the purpose of scientific research is to prove or
disprove this knowledge. Research may extend, prove, or even reject the
knowledge, which depends upon the results of how powerful are the results.
The types of scientific research: -
There are basically two types
Basic research
Applied research
Basic research: -
Basic research is basic knowledge based on facts,
principles, and theories which are providing information about this “knowledge”
(that we need to research) and this basic information must also be proved by
professors or even specialized persons in that field. The basic research must
provide information about knowledge. simply, we can say that
“Basic research forms the basis of Applied
sciences.”
Applied research:
-
Applied means to apply something. so, in Applied Research,
we practically perform the research by experimenting and conclude the final
statement. Applied research may also expand, correct, or even reject your basic
research.so, we can say that applied research
Applied Research concludes the final result which may
call law or even if more supporting, we can call this theory.
Method of
scientific research: -
The method explains how to perform scientific research.
method explains which steps are necessary for performing research. Mainly these
steps are
1.
Recognition of problem
2.
Observation
3.
Hypothesis
4.
Deduction
5.
Experimentation
6.
Summarization of results (creat table,
graphics)
7.
Reporting the result
The details of these steps are as under:
Recognition of problem: -
In this step, we identify the problem, which type of problem
is which can be biological or even men also need to know why this thing
happens, its causes effects, etc. The problem may be in the form of a question
or even general information about something, which may ask by someone or even
comes to the researcher's mind by itself by seeing the things, so, he/she wants
to know the solution of the problem. so, we can say that recognition means
“To identify a problem which type
of problem is”
Observation: -
In observation, we recall the
previous observation and make the new one by using the five senses of vision,
hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Observation may be both qualitative and
quantitative.
Qualitative
observation:
In qualitative we observe the properties.
For example:
A liter of water is heavier than a liter.
ethanol
Quantitative
observation:
In quantitative we observe the problem in terms of numbers
For example:
A liter of water weighs 1000 grams and the liter of ethanol
weighs
789 grams.
Observation also includes reading and studying what others
have done in the past because scientific knowledge is ever-growing.
Hypotheses: -
The researcher observes the observations and constructs a
statement which is called a hypothesis. It may be defined as a proposition that
might be true.so, we can say that
“The
tentative explanation of observation is called a hypothesis.”
A hypothesis should have the following properties:
It should be a general statement
It should be a tentative idea
It should agree with available observation
It should be kept as simple as possible
It
should be testable and potentially falsifiable.
A great deal of careful and creative thinking is necessary
for the formulation of a hypothesis.
Deduction:
-
Deduction draws from the hypothesis. Deductions are the
logical consequences of the hypothesis. For this purpose, a hypothesis is taken
as true and expected results(deduction)are drawn from it. Generally, if a
particular hypothesis is true the one should expect a deduction of a certain
result. This involves the use of “if-then “logic. so, we can say that
“ Deduction is the logical consequences of the hypothesis”
Experimentation:
-
The most basic step of research is experimentation.
Researchers perform experiments to see if hypotheses are true or not. The
deduction, which is drawn from hypotheses, is subjected to rigorous testing.
Through experimentations, biologist learns which hypothesis is correct. The
incorrect hypotheses are rejected and the one which proves correct is accepted.
An accepted hypothesis makes further predictions that provide an important way
to further test its validity.
Summarization of results: -
Researchers gather actual, quantitative data from
experiments. Data for each of the groups are then averaged and compared
statistically. To conclude, the researcher also uses statistical analysis.
Reporting
the results: -
Researchers publish their findings in scientific journals
and books, in talks at national and international meetings, and seminars at
colleges and universities. Publishing results is an essential part of the
scientific method. It allows other people to verify the results or apply the
knowledge to solve other problems.
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